ABSTRACT - Mental abilities and cognitive functions are generally associated with the brain in our skull. But there exists yet another system of neurons: governing the function of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract recently gaining the name of a ‘second brain’. Evolutionarily and historically, behind the formation and function of our organs was always the food we ate. Food chosen with respect to its innate characteristics is ready to serve as the most natural protective and corrective factor even today. Wholesome food can be distinguished through different approaches of modern research, traditional use and personal preferences. The more criteria taken into account, the more vivid the solutions. Multilateral approaches to individualised nutrition can provide elegant and long-term supportive strategies to the dynamic of health. With respect to mental abilities and cognitive functions, promising added value can be brought to the diet through the mushrooms lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and turkey tail (Trametes/Coriolus versicolor).